Na kokoana-hloko ea SARS CoV-2 e Qalile ka Laboratoring?

Ha ho na ho hlaka mabapi le tšimoloho ea tlhaho ea SARS CoV-2 kaha ha ho na moamoheli ea mahareng ea kileng a e fetisetsa ho tloha ho bo-'mankhane ho ea ho batho. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho na le bopaki ba ho fana ka maikutlo a tšimoloho ea laboratori bo ipapisitseng le 'nete ea hore phaello ea lipatlisiso tsa ts'ebetso (e susumetsang liphetoho tsa maiketsetso ho kokoana-hloko ka ho fetisa khafetsa likokoana-hloko ka liseleng tsa batho), e ne e etsoa ka laboratoring 

Lefu la COVID-19 le bakoang ke SARS CoV-2 kokoana-hloko e bakile tšenyo eo ho seng e kileng ea e-ba teng ho eona kaofela polanete eseng feela moruong empa hape e bakile litlamorao tsa kelello ho batho tse tla nka nako e telele ho hlaphoheloa. Ho tloha ha e qhoma Wuhan ka Pulungoana / Tšitoe 2019, ho hlahisitsoe likhopolo-taba tse ngata mabapi le tšimoloho ea eona. E tloaelehileng haholo e bua ka 'maraka o metsi ka Wuhan moo kokoana-hloko mefuta e tlokomang ho tloha ho bo-'mankhane ho ea ho batho ka moeti ea mahareng, ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona sa zoonotic sa phetiso joalo ka ha ho bonoa ho SARS (bo-'mankhane ho ea ho li-civets ho batho) le MERS (bo-'mankhane ho likamele ho batho) likokoana-hloko^1,2. Leha ho le joalo, selemong se fetileng kapa ho feta moo, ha ho so ka ho hlakisoa ho moamoheli ea mahareng bakeng sa SARS CoV2. kokoana-hloko. Khopolo e 'ngoe e bua ka ho lutla ka phoso ha vaerase ho tsoa Setsing sa Wuhan sa Virology (WIV) moo bo-ramahlale ba neng ba etsa lipatlisiso ka coronavirus. E le ho utloisisa hore na ke hobane'ng ha khopolo ea morao-rao e fumane botumo bo boholo selemong se fetileng kapa ho feta, ho hlokahala hore motho a khutlele morao liketsahalong tsa morao tjena, ho qala ka 2011, ho hlahloba tšimoloho ea li-coronavirus tse ka bakang mafu ho batho. . 

Ka selemo sa 2012, basebetsi ba merafong ba tšeletseng ba neng ba sebetsa morafong oa koporo o tletseng bo-'mankhane karolong e ka boroa ea Chaena (profinseng ea Yunnan) ba ile ba tšoaetsoa ke 'mankhane. ioronavirus³, e tsejoang ka hore ke RaTG13. Kaofela ba bile le matšoao a tšoanang hantle le matšoao a COVID-19 mme ke ba bararo feela ba bona ba ileng ba pholoha. Mehlala ea kokoana-hloko e nkiloe ho basebetsi bana ba morafong 'me ea romelloa ho Wuhan Institute of Virology, e leng eona feela laboratori ea boemo ba 4 ea ts'ireletso ea likokoana-hloko Chaena e neng e ithuta bat. di-coronavirus. Shi Zheng-Li le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba WIV ba ntse ba etsa lipatlisiso ka SARS CoV likokoana-hloko ho tsoa ho bo-'mankhane ka boiteko ba ho utloisisa hamolemo tšimoloho ea li-coronavirus tse joalo⁴. Ho nahanoa hore WIV e entse phaello ea lipatlisiso tsa ts'ebetso⁵, e neng e akarelletsa ho fetisoa ha tsona ka makhetlo a mangata likokoana-hloko in vitro le in vivo molemong oa ho eketsa ts'oaetso ea tsona, phetisetso, le antigenicity. Phaello ena ea lipatlisiso tsa ts'ebetso e fapane haholo le boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso likokoana-hloko ho ba ba bolayang haholo mabapi le bokgoni ba bona ba ho baka mafu. Morero oa ho tšehetsa lichelete le ho etsa phaello ea lipatlisiso tsa ts'ebetso ke ho lula e le mohato o tlang pele likokoana-hloko ho utloisisa ho tšoaetsanoa ha bona ho batho e le hore re itokisetse hamolemo joaloka moloko oa batho haeba ho ka hlaha ketsahalo e joalo.  

Kahoo, ho na le monyetla oa hore vaerase ea SARS CoV-2 e phonyohile ka phoso ha e hlaha bofelong ba selemo sa 2019 toropong ea Wuhan, leha ho se na bopaki bo tiileng ba eona. Leloko le haufi haholo la sena kokoana-hloko e ne e le RaTG13 e ileng ea etsoa sampole ho tsoa ho basebetsi ba morafong ba Yunnan. RaTG13 ha se mokokotlo oa SARS CoV-2 ka hona e hanyetsa khopolo ea hore SARS-CoV-2 e ne e entsoe ka liphatsa tsa lefutso. Leha ho le joalo, lisampole tsa SARS tse amanang likokoana-hloko bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso le phaello e latelang ea lipatlisiso tsa ts'ebetso (e lebisang ho liphetoho tse hlahisitsoeng) mohlomong e lebisitse ho nts'etsopele ea SARS CoV-2. Katleho ea ts'ebetso ha e akaretse ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso ka boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso. Tatelano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa e ncha kokoana-hloko e fumanoeng ho bakuli ba pele ba 5 ba tšoaelitsoeng COVID-19 e bonts'itse hore vaerase ena e ne e ts'oana le vaerase ea SARS ka 79.6%.⁶. 

Qalong, lefats'e la mahlale le ne le nahana hore SARS CoV-2 kokoana-hloko e ne e tlohile ho tloha mefuteng ea liphoofolo (bo-'mankhane) ho ea ho e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse bohareng ebe e fetela ho batho⁷ joalo ka ha ho ne ho le joalo ka SARS le MERS likokoana-hloko joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo. Leha ho le joalo, ho se khone ho fumana moamoheli oa mahareng bakeng sa likhoeli tse 18 tse fetileng ho lebisitse khopolong ea morero oa bolotsana.⁸ hore kokoana-hloko e ka be e ile ea lutla ka phoso ho tsoa lab. Hape hoa khoneha hore SARS CoV-2 kokoana-hloko e tsoa polokelong ea likokoana-hloko e se e tšoaretsoe WIV⁹ jwalo ka kokoana-hloko e ne e se e tloaelehile ho tšoaetsa lisele tsa motho. Haeba e ne e le ea tlhaho, ho ka be ho nkile nako e telele ho baka tekanyo ea ho fetisoa le ho bolaea hoo e entseng. 

Ho ntse ho sa tsejoe hantle hore na SARS CoV-2 e na le tšimoloho ea tlhaho kapa e entsoe ke motho (ho fumana tšebetso e lebisang liphetohong tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso) tse phonyohileng ka laboratoring ka phoso. Ha ho na bopaki bo tiileng bo tšehetsang e 'ngoe ea likhopolo. Leha ho le joalo, ho ipapisitse le taba ea hore ha re so khone ho fumana moamoheli oa mahareng bakeng sa phetiso ea zoonotic ea sena. kokoana-hloko hammoho le taba ea hore kokoana-hloko e ne e hlophisitsoe hantle e se e ntse e baka ts'oaetso liseleng tsa batho ho isa tekanyong e kholo le lipatlisiso tse amanang le WIV ho Wuhan moo ho kokoana-hloko e simolohile, e fana ka maikutlo a hore ke sehlahisoa sa phaello ea lipatlisiso tsa ts'ebetso tse phonyohileng lab. 

Ho hlokahala bopaki bo bong le lipatlisiso ho theha bopaki bo felletseng eseng feela ho utloisisa tšimoloho ea SARS-CoV2. kokoana-hloko empa hape le ho bebofatsa likotsi leha e le life tse joalo tsa kamoso ha ho ka etsahala hore li hlahe e le ho pholosa moloko oa batho khalefong ea likokoana-hloko tse joalo. 

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