Moputso oa 2024 oa Nobel oa Physiology kapa Medicine o fuoe ka kopanelo Victor Ambros le Gary Ruvkun "bakeng sa ho sibolla microRNA le karolo ea eona taolong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa morao-rao".
Li-MicroRNAs (miRNAs) ke tsa lelapa la limolek'hule tsa RNA tse nyenyane, tse sa keneng, tse nang le thipa e le 'ngoe tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho laola tlhahiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso limeleng, liphoofolong le likokoana-hloko tse ling. Li-miRNA li ithutile haholo lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng bakeng sa karolo ea tsona lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa cellular joalo ka karohano, metabolic homeostasis, proliferation le apoptosis.
Li-miRNA li sebetsa ka ho tlama ebang ke pheletsong ea 3' ea lenqosa RNA (mRNA), ka hona e sebetsa joalo ka bahatelli ba phetolelo kapa ka ho sebelisana le pheletso ea 5' moo ba bapalang karolo taolong ea mongolo. Sena sohle se etsahala ka har'a cytoplasm ea sele 'me se na le litlamorao tse tobileng mefuteng le bongata ba liprotheine tseo lisele li li etsang.
MiRNA ea pele, Lin-4, e fumanoe ka 1993 ho nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Li-miRNA hangata li na le li-nucleotide tse 18-25 ka bolelele. Li nkiloe ho li-precursors tse telele, e leng li-RNA tse nang le mahlakore a mabeli tse bitsoang pri-miRNAs. Ts'ebetso ea biogenesis e etsahala khubung le cytoplasm moo pri-miRNAs e etsang meaho e ikhethang e kang hairpin e tsejoang le ho petsoha ke Microprocessor, e rarahaneng ea heterodimer e entsoeng ke DROSHA le DGCR8 e kopanyang pri-miRNAs ho pre-miRNAs. Li-pre-miRNA li ntan'o romelloa ka ntle ho cytoplasm moo li qetellang li sebetsoa ho theha miRNAs.
Li-miRNA li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa kholisong ea 'mele ka ho laola liphatsa tsa lefutso le liprotheine ho tloha ho embryogenesis ho ea nts'etsopele ea litsamaiso tsa setho le litho tsa 'mele, ka hona li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng homeostasis ea cellular. Le hoja li-miRNA tsa intracellular li phetha karolo ea taolo ea transcriptional/translation, extracellular miRNAs e sebetsa e le manģosa a lik'hemik'hale ho hokahanya puisano ea lisele. Dysregulation ea miRNAs e kenyelelitsoe maloetseng a fapaneng a kang mofetše (li-miRNA tse sebetsang e le li-activator le khatello ea liphatsa tsa lefutso), mafu a neurodegenerative le mafu a pelo. Ho utloisisa le ho hlakisa liphetoho ho profiling ea polelo ea miRNA ho ka lebisa ho sibolloeng ha biomarker e ncha ka mekhoa e mecha ea kalafo ea thibelo ea mafu. Li-miRNA li boetse li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele le pathogenesis ea ts'oaetso e bakoang ke likokoana-hloko tse kang libaktheria le livaerase ka ho laola liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa sesole sa 'mele ho fana ka karabelo e sebetsang ho lefu lena.
Bohlokoa le karolo e bapaloang ke li-miRNA li hloka hore ho etsoe lipatlisiso le lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng tse tsamaisanang le ho kopanngoa ha data ea genomic, transcriptomic, le/kapa proteomic, li tla matlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea botaki mabapi le tšebelisano ea liselefouno le mafu. Sena se ka lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea phekolo e thehiloeng ho miRNA ka ho sebelisa miRNA e le li-actimirs (ho sebelisa miRNAs e le li-activator bakeng sa ho fetola li-miRNA tse fetotsoeng kapa tse hlakotsoeng) le li-antagomirs (ho sebelisa miRNAs e le bahanyetsi moo ho nang le taolo e sa tloaelehang ea mRNA e boletsoeng) mafu a atileng le a hlahang bathong le liphoofolo.
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Litšupiso
- NobelPrize.org. Phatlalatso ea phatlalatso - Moputso oa Nobel ho Physiology kapa Medicine 2024. E ngotsoe 7 October 2024. E fumaneha ho https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2024/press-release/
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- Kloosterman WP, Plasterk RH. Mesebetsi e fapaneng ea li-RNA tse nyenyane ho nts'etsopele ea liphoofolo le maloetse. Dev Cell. 2006; 11:441–450 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2006.09.009
- Wienholds E, Koudijs MJ, van Eeden FJM, et al. Enzyme e hlahisang microRNA Dicer1 e bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea liqoaha. Nat Genet. 2003; 35:217–218 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng125
- O'Brien J, Hayder H, Zayed Y, Peng C. Kakaretso ea MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, le Circulation. Pele Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Aug 3;9:402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00402
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Sehlooho se amanang
li-microRNAs: Kutloisiso e Ncha ea Mechanism of Action in Viral Infections le Bohlokoa ba eona (15 Hlakola 2021)
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