Ponahalo ea 26 cm seea-le- matshwao a, thehoa ka lebaka la hyperfine phetoho ea cosmic hydrogen fana ka sesebelisoa se seng ho thuto ea pele bokahohleng. Ha e le nako ea ho se nke lehlakore ea lesea bokahohleng ha ho se na leseli le hlahisitsoeng, mela ea 26 cm mohlomong ke fensetere feela. Leha ho le joalo, tsena li ile tsa fetoha seea-le- matšoao a hlahisoang ke cosmic hydrogen qalong bokahohleng li fokola haholo 'me li ntse li le thata ho fihlela joale. Ka 2018, teko ea EDGE e tlalehile ho fumanoa ha matšoao a 26 cm empa liphuputso li ne li ke ke tsa tiisoa ka boithaopo. Taba e ka sehloohong e ne e le tsamaiso ea lisebelisoa le tšilafalo le matšoao a mang a tsoang leholimong. Teko ea REACH ke ho sebelisa mokhoa o ikhethileng oa ho hlola bothata. Ho na le tšepo ea hore sehlopha sena sa lipatlisiso se tla khona ho lemoha matšoao ana a sa tloaelehang haufinyane. Haeba e atlehile, REACH Experiment e ka tlisa '26 cm radio astronomy' ka pele thutong ea pele. bokahohleng le ho re thusa haholo ho manolla liphiri tsa pele bokahohleng.
Ha ho tluoa thutong ea bokahohle ba pele, lebitso la e sa tsoa qalisoa James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) e hlaha ka likelellong tsa rona. JWST, mohlahlami oa katleho e kholo Hubble telescope, ke a sepakapakeng moo- e thehiloeng, infrared observatory e hlomelloa ho tšoara mats'oao a optical / infrared ho tsoa linaleling tsa pele le lihlopha tsa linaleli tse theiloeng sebakeng. Bokahohle hang ka mor'a ho phatloha ho hoholo1. Leha ho le joalo, JWST e na le meeli e itseng ho fihlela joale e nka matšoao ho tloha nakong ea ho se nke lehlakore ea bokahohle ba pele e amehile.
Lethathamo: Linako tsa histori ea bokahohleng ho tloha ka Big Bang
(Mohloli: Filosofi ea Cosmology - 21 cm e ka morao. E fumaneha ho http://philosophy-of-cosmology.ox.ac.uk/images/21-cm-background.jpg)
Ho fihlela lilemo tse 380 k ka mor'a ho phatloha ho hoholo, the bokahohleng e ne e tletse khase e entsoeng ka ionine 'me e ne e sa bonahale ka ho feletseng. Pakeng tsa lilemo tse limilione tse 380 ho isa ho tse limilione tse 400 bokahohleng e ne e se e sa nke lehlakore ebile e le pepeneneng. Nako ea tsosoloso e qalile ka mor'a mohato ona ho qala limilione tse 400 ka mor'a ho phatloha ho hoholo.
Nakong ea nako ea ho se nke lehlakore ea pele bokahohleng, ha bokahohleng e ne e tletse likhase tse sa jeleng paate 'me e ne e le pepeneneng, ha ho pontšo ea optical e ileng ea ntšoa (ka hona e bitsoa lilemo tse lefifi). Lintho tse kopaneng ha li hlahise leseli. Sena se baka phephetso thutong ea pele Bokahohle ea nako ea ho se nke lehlakore. Leha ho le joalo, mahlaseli a microwave a 21 cm wavelength (e tsamaellanang le 1420 MHz) a hlahisoang ke hydrogen e batang, e sa nke lehlakore ea cosmic nakong ena ka lebaka la phetoho ea hyperfine (ho tloha ho parallel spin ho ea ho e tsitsitseng e khahlanong le parallel spin) e fana ka menyetla ho bafuputsi. Mahlaseli ana a 21 cm a microwave a ne a tla fetoloa bofubelu ha a fihla Lefatšeng 'me a tla bonoa ka maqhubu a 200MHz ho isa ho a 10 MHz joalo ka maqhubu a seea-le-moea.2,3.
bolepi ba linaleli ba 21 cm: Ho shebisisa matshwao a hydrogen cosmic hydrogen a 21-centimeter ho fana ka mokgwa o mong wa boithuto ba pele. bokahohleng haholo-holo ea nako ea ho se nke lehlakore e neng e se na tlhahiso leha e le efe ea khanya. Sena se ka boela sa re tsebisa ka fisiks e ncha joalo ka ho ajoa ha taba ka nako, matla a lefifi, taba e lefifi, bongata ba neutrino le inflation.2.
Leha ho le joalo, matšoao a 21-cm a hlahisoang ke hydrogen ea bokahohle nakong ea pele bokahohleng mokhahlelo ha o bonolo. Ho lebelletsoe hore e tla fokola haholo (e fokola ka makhetlo a likete tse lekholo ho feta mats'oao a mang a seea-le-moea le ona a tsoang leholimong). Ka lebaka leo, mokhoa ona o ntse o le monyenyane.
Ka selemo sa 2018, bafuputsi ba ne ba tlalehile ho fumanoa ha lets'oao le joalo la seea-le-moea ka makhetlo a 78 MHz bao boemo ba bona bo neng bo lumellana haholo le litebello tsa lets'oao la 21-centimeter le hlahisitsoeng ke primordial cosmic hydrogen.4. Empa tšibollo ena ea lets'oao la seea-le-moea sa 21-cm e ne e ke ke ea netefatsoa ka boikemelo, ka hona, ts'epahalo ea liteko ha e so ka e theoa ho fihlela hajoale. Taba e kholo e bonahala e le tšilafalo ka mats'oao a seea-le-moea a ka pele.
Ketsahalo ea morao-rao ke tlaleho ea Teko ea seea-le-moea bakeng sa Analysis of Cosmic Hydrogen (REACH) ka la 21 Phupu 2022. REACH e tla sebelisa mokhoa o mocha oa liteko ho bona mats'oao ana a sa bonahaleng a seea-le-moea sa bokahohle ka hona e fana ka tšepo e ncha ea netefatso ea mats'oao a cosmic a 21-cm.
Teko ea seea-le-moea bakeng sa Tlhahlobo ea Cosmic Hydrogen (REACH) ke teko ea boemo bo holimo ea 21-cm. Sena se ikemiselitse ho ntlafatsa litebello ka ho laola litaba tse tobaneng le lisebelisoa tse amanang le matšoao a hlophisitsoeng a setseng ho data. E shebana le ho lemoha le ho hlalosa ka kopanelo litsamaiso hammoho le se ka pele le lets'oao la bokahohle le sebelisa lipalo-palo tsa Bayesian. The teko e kenyelletsa ho shebisisa ka nako e le 'ngoe ka li-antenna tse peli tse fapaneng, sisteme ea ultra-wideband (redshift range e ka bang 7.5 ho isa ho 28) le calibrator ea moamoheli e ipapisitseng le litekanyo tsa lebaleng.
Tsoelo-pele ena e bohlokoa kaha e na le bokhoni ba ho ba e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse ntle ka ho fetisisa (le ho bitsa chelete e ngata haholo ka ho fetisisa sepakapakeng moo-e thehiloeng ho observatories joaloka James Webb) bakeng sa boithuto ba pele bokahohleng hammoho le monyetla oa ho qala fisiks e ncha ea motheo.
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References:
- Prasad U., 2021.James Webb Space Telescope (JWST): The First Space Observatory E Nehetsoeng Thutong ea Bokahohle ba Pele. Scientific Europe. E ngotsoe ka la 6 Pulungoana 2021. E fumaneha ho http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/sciences/space/james-webb-space-telescope-jwst-the-first-space-observatory-dedicated-to-the-study-of-early-universe/
- Pritchard JA le Loeb A., 2012. 21 cm cosmology lekholong la bo21 la lilemo. Litlaleho ka Tsoelopele ho Fisiks 75 086901. E fumaneha ho https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/75/8/086901. Preprint ho arXiv e fumaneha ho https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.6012 mofuta oa pdf https://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.6012.pdf
- Univesithi ea Oxford. Filosofi ea Cosmology - 21 cm e ka morao. E fumaneha ho http://philosophy-of-cosmology.ox.ac.uk/21cm-background.html
- Bowman, J., Rogers, A., Monsalve, R. et al. Profaele ea ho monya e bohareng ba 78 megahertz sepakapakeng sa kakaretso ea leholimo. Tlhaho 555, 67-70 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25792
- de Lera Acedo, E., de Villiers, DIL, Razavi-Ghods, N. et al. Radiometer ea REACH bakeng sa ho lemoha lets'oao la hydrogen 21-cm ho tloha redshift z ≈ 7.5-28. Nat Astron (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01709-9
- Eloy de Lera Acedo 2022. Ho senola liphiri tsa Bokahohle ba lesea ka radiometer ea REACH. E fumaneha inthaneteng ho https://astronomycommunity.nature.com/posts/u
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