Takatso ea ho fumana likarabo tsa lipotso tse bulehileng (tse kang, ke likarolo life tsa bohlokoa tse etsang hore ho be le ntho e lefifi, hore na hobaneng ntho e laola bokahohle le hore na hobaneng ho na le taba-antimatter asymmetry, matla a khoheli ke eng, matla a lefifi, boima ba neutrino joalo-joalo. ho ba teng ha likaroloana tse ncha, tse boima ho feta tse ke keng tsa fihla setsing se seng se ntse se le teng sa LHC. The proposed Future Circular Collider (FCC) e ne e tla etsa hore ho khonehe ho batlisisa boteng ba likaroloana tsa bohlokoa joalo ka ntle ho Standard Model. Lekhotla la CERN joale le hlahlobile tlaleho ea boithuto ba ho khonahala ea FCC. Qeto ea ho qetela mabapi le kaho ea FCC ke Lekhotla la CERN e lebelletsoe ho pota 2028. Haeba e amohetsoe, kaho ea FCC e ka qala ka 2030s. E tla ba lik'hilomithara tse ka bang 100 ho potoloha sebaka se ka bang limithara tse 200 ka tlas'a lefatše haufi le sebaka se tšoanang le sa LHC haufi le Geneva. E tla atleha ho Large Hadron Collider (LHC), e leng ho fihlela qetellong ea ts'ebetso ka 2041. FCC e tla kenngoa ts'ebetsong ka mekhahlelo e 'meli. Mokhahlelo oa pele, FCC-ee e tla ba electron-positron collider bakeng sa litekanyo tse nepahetseng mabapi le ho batla likaroloana tse bobebe, tse tla fana ka lenaneo la lipatlisiso tsa lilemo tse 15 ho tloha bofelong ba bo-2040. Ha ho phethoa sethaleng sena, mochine oa bobeli, FCC-hh (matla a phahameng), o tla romelloa ka kotopong e tšoanang. Mokhahlelo oa bobeli o ikemiselitse ho fihlela matla a ho thulana a 100 TeV (a phahameng haholo ho feta 13 TeV ea LHC) mabapi le ho batla likaroloana tse boima. Mokhahlelo ona o tla sebetsa ka bo-2070 'me o tla tsoela pele ho fihlela qetellong ea lekholo la bo21 la lilemo.
Ka la 6-7 Pulungoana 2025, Lekhotla la CERN (le kopantseng le baemeli ba tsoang ho Litho tsa CERN le Linaha Tse Kopanetseng le Litho) le ile la hlahloba sephetho sa Boithuto bo ka khonahalang bakeng sa Morero o sisintsoeng oa Future Circular Collider (FCC).
Pejana, CERN e ile ea etsa boithuto ba ho lekola bokhoni ba Future Circular Collider (FCC) ka tšebelisano-'moho le litsi tsa Litho tsa CERN le Linaheng Tse Kopanetseng le Litho tsa eona le ho feta. Tlaleho e fanoe ka la 31 Hlakubele 2025 e hlahlobiloeng ke lihlopha tse ka tlase tsa Lekhotla la CERN. Tlaleho e boetse e hlahlobiloe ke likomiti tse ikemetseng tsa litsebi, tse boletseng hore FCC e bonahala e ka khoneha ho latela litokomane tse hlahisitsoeng.
Baemeli ba Lekhotla la CERN joale ba hlahlobile tlaleho ea Boithuto bo ka khonahalang ba FCC ka la 6 -7 Pulungoana 2025 kopanong e inehetseng mme ba fihletse qeto ea hore Boithuto bo ka khonahala bo fana ka motheo oa hore lithuto tsa FCC li tsoele pele. Ona ke mohato oa bohlokoa o lebisang tumellong ea FCC ke Lekhotla la CERN ka Mots'eanong 2026 ha likhothaletso tsohle li tla hlahisoa ka pel'a eona hore e sekasekoe. Qeto ea ho qetela mabapi le kaho ea FCC ke Lekhotla la CERN e lebelletsoe ho pota 2028.
Future Circular Collider (FCC) ke e 'ngoe ea likhohlano tse reriloeng tsa moloko o tlang CERN. Ho lebelletsoe hore e tla atleha Large Hadron Collider (LHC), e tla fihla pheletsong ea ts'ebetso ka 2041. CERN hajoale e ntse e sebetsa ho tsebahatsa thulano e latelang ho atleha LHC e leng mosebetsi oa CERN oa hajoale.
E laetsoe ka 2008, Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ke khohlopo e chitja e boholo ba 27-km ka ho potoloha 'me e sebakeng sa 100 m ka tlase ho mobu haufi le Geneva. Hajoale, ke khohlano e kholo ka ho fetisisa le e matla ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng e hlahisang likhohlano ka matla a 13 teraelectronvolts (TeV) e leng matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a fihletsoeng ke accelerator ho fihlela joale. E potlakisa li-hadrone ho ea haufi le lebelo la khanya, ebe e li thulana e etsisa maemo a bokahohle ba pele.
| Particle Accelerators / Colliders ke lifensetere ho Bokahohle ba Pele haholo |
| “Bokahohle ba pele haholo” bo bolela karolo ea pele-pele ea bokahohle (metsotso ea pele e meraro kapele ka mor’a ho Bang ho Hoholo) ha ho ne ho chesa haholo ’me bokahohle bo laoloa ka ho feletseng ke mahlaseli. Nako ea Plank ke nako ea pele ea mehla ea mahlaseli e ileng ea nka ho tloha Big Bang ho isa ho 10.-43 s. Ka mocheso oa likhato tse 1032 K, bokahohle bo ne bo chesa haholo nakong ena. Nako ea Planck e ile ea lateloa ke mehla ea Quark, Lepton, le Nuclear; kaofela e ne e le tsa nakoana empa li ne li khetholloa ka mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa o ileng oa fokotseha butle-butle ha bokahohle bo ntse bo atoloha. Thuto e tobileng ea karolo ena ea pele ea bokahohle ha e khonehe. Se ka etsoang ke ho bopa bocha maemo a karolo ena ea bokahohle ka li-accelerator tsa likaroloana. Lintlha tse hlahisoang ke ho thulana ha likaroloana ho li-accelerator / collider li fana ka fensetere e sa tobang ho bokahohle ba pele haholo. Colliders ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso ho particle physics. Ena ke mechini e chitja kapa ea mela e potlakisang likaroloana ho lebelo le holimo haholo haufi le lebelo la khanya le ho li lumella ho thula karolo e 'ngoe e tsoang lehlakoreng le fapaneng kapa khahlano le sepheo. Likhohlano tsena li hlahisa mocheso o phahameng haholo ka tatellano ea litrillione tsa Kelvin (tse tšoanang le maemo a neng a le teng linakong tsa pele-pele tsa mehla ea mahlaseli). Matla a likaroloana tse thulang a eketsoa ka hona matla a ho thulana a phahame. Matla a ho thulana a fetoha ntho ka sebopeho sa likaroloana tse neng li le teng bokahohleng ba pele haholo ho latela symmetry ea boima ba matla. Ka mohlala, ha likaroloana tsa li-elektronike tsa subatomic li thulana le li-anti-matter partnerspositrons, taba le anti-matter li felisa 'me matla a lokolloa. Mefuta e fapaneng ea likaroloana tse ncha tsa motheo li tsoa ho matla a lokollotsoeng. Likaroloana tse ncha e ka ba li-Higgs bosons kapa top quarks, e leng mefuta e boima haholo ea li-block tsa subatomic tsa taba. Mohlomong, likaroloana tse lefifi le likaroloana tsa supersymmetric hape, ntho e sa ntseng e tla sibolloa. Litšebelisano tse joalo pakeng tsa likaroloana tse phahameng tsa matla maemong a neng a le teng bokahohleng ba pele haholo li fana ka lifensetere ho lefatše le neng le sa fihlellehe la nako eo le tlhahlobo ea lihlahisoa tsa likhohlano e matlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea likaroloana tsa motheo le ho fana ka mokhoa oa ho utloisisa melao e laolang ea fisiks. Li-accelerator li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso bakeng sa ho ithuta bokahohle ba pele haholo. Li-collider tsa Hadron (haholo-holo CERN's Large Hadron Collider LHC) le li-electron-positron li ka pele-pele ha ho hlahlojoa bokahohle ba pele haholo. Liteko tsa ATLAS le CMS ho Large Hadron Collider (LHC) li atlehile ho sibolla Higgs boson ka 2012. (Mohloli: Ho thulana ha likaroloana bakeng sa ho ithuta "Bokahohle ba pele haholo": Muon collider e bontšitsoe) |
The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL - LHC) ea CERN e tla eketsa ts'ebetso ea LHC ka ho eketsa palo ea likhohlano ho lumella ho ithuta mekhoa e tsebahalang ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane. E kanna ea sebetsa ka 2029.
The Future Circular Collider (FCC) e sisintsweng e tla ba ho thulana ha phatsa ya tshebetso e hodimo ho feta Large Hydron Collider. E etselitsoe ho hlahloba boteng ba likaroloana tse ncha, tse boima, tse ke keng tsa fihleloa ke Large Hadron Collider (LHC) le ho ba teng ha likaroloana tse bobebe tse kopanang ka mokhoa o fokolang haholo le likaroloana tsa Standard Model, FCC e ka ba lik'hilomithara tse 100 ho pota-potile e ka bang limithara tse 200 ka tlase ho mobu haufi le sebaka se tšoanang le sa LHC. Haeba e amohetsoe, kaho ea FCC e ka qala ka 2030s.
FCC e ne e tla kengoa tšebetsong ka mekhahlelo e 'meli. Mokhahlelo oa pele, FCC-ee e tla ba sekontiri sa electron-positron bakeng sa litekanyo tse nepahetseng. E tla fana ka lenaneo la lipatlisiso tsa lilemo tse 15 ho tloha bofelong ba 2040s. Ha ho phethoa sethaleng sena, mochine oa bobeli, FCC-hh (matla a phahameng), o ne o tla romelloa ka kotopong e le 'ngoe. Sena se ikemiselitse ho fihlela matla a ho thulana a li-hadrone (li-proton) tsa TeV tse 100 le li-ion tse boima. FCC-hh e tla sebetsa ka bo-2070 'me e tla sebetsa ho fihlela qetellong ea lekholo la bo21 la lilemo.
Ke hobane'ng ha FCC e hlokahala? E tla phetha morero ofe?
Bokahohle bo hlokomelehang bo kenyeletsang lintho tsohle tse tloaelehileng tsa baryonic tseo bohle re entsoeng ka tsona li etsa feela 4.9% ea matla a mangata a bokahohleng. Taba e lefifi e sa bonahaleng e etsa hoo e ka bang 26.8% (ha 68.3% e setseng ea matla a mangata bokahohleng ke matla a lefifi). Ha ho tsejoe hore na taba e lefifi ke efe. The Standard Model (SM) ea particle physics ha e na likaroloana tsa motheo tse nang le thepa e hlokahalang hore e be ntho e lefifi. Ho nahanoa hore mohlomong "supersymmetric particles" tseo e leng balekane ba likaroloana tsa Mohlala o Tloaelehileng li etsa ntho e lefifi.Kapa mohlomong ho na le lefats'e le ts'oanang la taba e lefifi. WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), li-axion, kapa sterile neutrinos ke likaroloana tse inahaneloang "Beyond the Standard Model" (BSM) tse etellang pele bonkgetheng. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na katleho leha e le efe ho sibolloeng ha likaroloana tse joalo. Ho na le lipotso tse ling tse ngata tse bulehileng (tse kang matter-antimatter asymmetry, gravity, dark energy, neutrinomass joalo-joalo) tseo Standard Model e ke keng ea li araba. Hape, karolo ea sebaka sa Higgs thutong ea ho iphetola ha lintho ea bokahohle e qalile ho rekoa kamora ho sibolloa ha Higgs boson ka 2012 ke liteko tsa ATLAS le CMS ho Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
Likarabo tse ka bang teng lipotsong tse bulehileng tse ka holimo li ka nqane ho Mohlala o Tloaelehileng oa fisiks ea likaroloana. Ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore motho a hlahlobe boteng ba likaroloana tse ncha, tse bobebe tse sebelisanang ka mokhoa o fokolang haholo le likaroloana tsa Standard Model. Sena se tla hloka palo e kholo ea pokello ea lintlha le kutlo e phahameng haholo ho matšoao a tlhahiso ea likaroloana tse joalo tse tlas'a sekhahla sa mohato oa pele oa FCC e leng, FCC-ee (tekanyo e nepahetseng). Hape ke taba ea bohlokoa ho hlahloba boteng ba likaroloana tse ncha, tse boima ho feta tse tla hloka lisebelisoa tsa matla a phahameng. FCC-hh (matla a phahameng), mohato oa bobeli oa FCC o ikemiselitse ho fihlela matla a ho thulana a 100 TeV (e leng holimo haholo ho feta 13 TeV ea LHC). Ha e le sebopeho sa sethala sa pele sa electron-positron (e + e-) collider, sebopeho sa selikalikoe se khethiloe (vis-a-vis linear) hobane sebopeho sa selikalikoe se etsa hore ho be le khanya e phahameng, liteko tse fihlang ho tse 'nè' me e fana ka lisebelisoa tsa motheo bakeng sa karolo ea bobeli e latelang ea high-energy hadron collider.
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References:
- CERN. Phatlalatso ea boralitaba - Lekhotla la CERN le hlahloba boithuto ba ho khonahala bakeng sa ho thulana ha moloko o latelang. 10 November 2025. E fumaneha ho https://home.cern/news/press-release/accelerators/cern-council-reviews-feasibility-study-next-generation-collider
- CERN. Phatlalatso ea boralitaba - CERN e fana ka tlaleho ea ho khoneha ha Future Circular Collider e ka bang teng. 31 March 2025. E fumaneha ho https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/cern-releases-report-feasibility-possible-future-circular-collider
- Boithuto bo ka khonahalang bakeng sa Future Circular Collider e se e phethetsoe https://home.cern/science/cern/fcc-study-media-kit
- Bokamoso Circle Collider https://home.cern/science/accelerators/future-circular-collider
- FCC: nyeoe ea fisiks. La 27 Hlakubele 2024. https://cerncourier.com/a/fcc-the-physics-case/
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Lihlooho tse amanang:
- Ho thulana ha likaroloana bakeng sa ho ithuta "Bokahohle ba pele haholo": Muon collider e bontšitsoe (31 Mphalane 2024)
- CERN e keteka lilemo tse 70 tsa Leeto la Mahlale ho Fisiks (2 Hlakola 2024)
- Qetellong re entsoe ka eng? Mehaho ea Motheo ea Bokahohle ke Efe? (8 Pulungoana 2021)
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Lifitio tse ling tsa thuto ho FCC:
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 that the Standard Model cannot address, one may need to look beyond the Standard Model of particle physics and explore the possible existence of new, lighter particles that interact very weakly with Standard Model particles, as well as explore the existence of new, heavier particles beyond the reach of existing LHC facility. The proposed Future Circular Collider (FCC) would make it possible to search for the existence of such fundamental particles beyond the Standard Model.){kind=link}