Big Bang e ile ea hlahisa lintho tse ngata tse lekanang le lintho tse thibelang lintho tse ka beng li ile tsa felisana tsa siea bokahohle bo se nang letho. Leha ho le joalo, lintho li ile tsa pholoha ’me tsa laola bokahohle ha antimatter e ile ea nyamela. Ho nahanoa hore phapang e itseng e sa tsejoeng ea thepa ea motheo pakeng tsa likaroloana le li-antiparticles tse tsamaellanang e ka 'na ea ikarabella bakeng sa sena. Litekanyo tse nepahetseng tse phahameng tsa thepa ea mantlha ea li-antiproton li na le monyetla oa ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea taba-antimatter asymmetry. E hloka ho fana ka li-antiproton. Hajoale, CERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) ke eona feela setsi moo li-antiproton li hlahisoang le ho bolokoa. Ha ho khonehe ho etsa lithuto tse phahameng tsa li-antiproton haufi le AD ka lebaka la ho fetoha ha matla a khoheli a hlahisoang ke li-accelerator. Kahoo, ho tsamaisa li-antiproton ho tloha setsing sena ho ea lilaboratoring tse ling ke ntho ea bohlokoa. Hona joale, ha ho na theknoloji e loketseng ea ho etsa joalo. BASE-STEP ke mohato o eang pele ntlheng ena. Ke sesebelisoa se batlang se kopane se etselitsoeng ho boloka le ho tsamaisa li-antiproton ho tloha setsing sa CERN ho li isa laboratoring libakeng tse ling bakeng sa lithuto tse nepahetseng tse phahameng tsa antimatter. Ka la 24 Mphalane 2024, BASE-STEP e ile ea etsa pontšo e atlehileng ea theknoloji e sebelisa li-proton tse qabeletsoeng e le sebaka sa ho emela li-antiproton. E ile ea tsamaisa leru la protons tse 70 sebakeng sa heno ka teraka. Ena e ne e le mohlala oa pele oa ho tsamaisa likaroloana tse hlephileng sefing se ka sebelisoang hape le mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho theha ts'ebeletso ea phepelo ea antiproton litekong tsa laboratoring tse ling. Ka lintlafatso tse ling lits'ebetsong, li-antiproton li reretsoe ho tsamaisoa ka 2025.
Qalong, ho Bang ho Hoholo ho ile ha hlahisa litekanyo tse lekanang tsa matter le antimatter. Ka bobeli li tšoana ka thepa, hobane feela li na le litefiso tse fapaneng, 'me linako tsa tsona tsa makenete lia khutlisoa.
Taba le antimatter li ka be li ile tsa felisa ka potlako ho siea bokahohle bo se nang letho empa seo ha sea ka sa etsahala. Hona joale bokahohle bo laoloa ka ho feletseng ke lintho tse bonahalang ha antimatter e ile ea nyamela. Sena se nahanoa hore ho na le phapang e sa tsejoeng pakeng tsa likaroloana tsa motheo le li-antiparticles tse tsamaellanang le tsona tse ka 'nang tsa lebisa ho pholoheng ha taba ha antimatter e ile ea tlosoa e lebisang ho taba-antimatter asymmetry.
Ho latela CPT (Charge, Parity, and Time reversal) symmetry, e leng karolo ea Standard Model ea particle physics, thepa ea motheo ea likaroloana e lokela ho ba e lekanang le e fapaneng le ea li-antiparticles tse tsamaellanang le tsona. Litekanyo tsa liteko tsa maemo a holimo tsa liphapano tsa thepa ea mantlha (joalo ka bongata, litefiso, nako ea bophelo kapa linako tsa makenete) ea likaroloana le li-antiparticles tse tsamaellanang le tsona li ka thusa ho utloisisa taba-antimatter asymmetry. Ena ke moelelo oa taba CERN's Baryon Teko ea Antibaryon Symmetry (BASE).
Teko ea BASE e etselitsoe ho batlisisa Proton Antiproton Symmetry ka ho etsa litekanyo tse nepahetseng haholo tsa thepa (joalo ka motsotsoana oa matla a khoheli) oa li-antiproton ka nepo e nyane ho latela karolo ea bilione. Mohato o latelang ke ho bapisa litekanyo tsena le litekanyetso tse tsamaellanang tsa protons. Bakeng sa nako ea matla a khoheli, ts'ebetso eohle e ipapisitse le litekanyo tsa maqhubu a Larmor le maqhubu a cyclotron.
Hajoale, CERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) ke eona feela setsi moo li-antiproton li hlahisoang le ho bolokoa khafetsa. Li-antiproton tsena li hloka ho ithutoa mona setsing sa CERN leha ho le joalo ho feto-fetoha ha matla a khoheli ho hlahisoang ke accelerator setšeng ho thibela ho nepahala ha litekanyo tsa thepa ea antiproton. Kahoo, bohlokoa ba ho tsamaisa li-antiproton tse hlahisoang AD ho li laboratori libakeng tse ling. Empa antimatter ha ho bonolo ho sebetsana le eona kaha e timela kapele ha e kopana le taba. Hajoale, ha ho na theknoloji e loketseng ea ho tsamaisa li-antiproton ho li isa lilaboratoring libakeng tse ling bakeng sa bafuputsi ho etsa lithuto tse nepahetseng haholo. BASE-STEP (Liteko tsa Symmetry ho Liteko tse nang le li-antiproton tse Portable) ke mohato o eang pele ntlheng ena.
BASE-STEP ke sesebelisoa se batlang se kopane se etselitsoeng ho boloka le ho tsamaisa li-antiproton ho tloha setsing sa CERN ho ea lilaboratoring tse libakeng tse ling bakeng sa lithuto tse nepahetseng haholo tsa antimatter. Ke morero-potlana oa BASE, o boima ba tone 'me o monyenyane ka makhetlo a mahlano ho feta teko ea pele ea BSE.
Ka la 24 Mphalane 2024, BASE-STEP e ile ea etsa pontšo e atlehileng ea theknoloji e sebelisa li-proton tse qabeletsoeng e le sebaka sa ho emela li-antiproton. E ile ea tsamaisa leru la protons tse 70 sebakeng sa heno ka teraka. Ena e bile mohlala oa pele oa ho tsamaisa likaroloana tse hlephileng sefing se ka sebelisoang hape le mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho theha ts'ebeletso ea phepelo ea antiproton litekong tsa laboratoring tse ling. Ka ntlafatso e itseng lits'ebetsong, ho tsamaisoa ha antiproton ho reriloe ka 2025.
PUMA (AntiProton Unstable Matter Annihilation) ke teko e 'ngoe ea mofuta o tšoanang empa e reretsoeng sepheo se fapaneng. Joalo ka BASE-STEP, PUMA e boetse e kenyelletsa ho lokisa sefi se ka tsamaisoang ho tlosa li-antiproton ho tloha holong ea CERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) ho ea setsing sa eona sa ISOLDE bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ho ithuta ka liketsahalo tse makatsang tsa fisiks ea nyutlelie.
***
References:
- CERN. Litaba - Teko ea BASE e nka mohato o moholo ho ea ho antimatter e nkehang. E ngotsoe 25 October 2024. E fumaneha ho https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/base-experiment-takes-big-step-towards-portable-antimatter
- CERN. Tlaleho ea Moralo oa Theknoloji ea BASE-STEP. https://cds.cern.ch/record/2756508/files/SPSC-TDR-007.pdf
- Smorra C., et al 2023. BASE-STEP: Letamo le tsamaisoang la antiproton bakeng sa lithuto tsa mantlha tsa tšebelisano. Moruti Sci. Seletsa. 94, 113201. 16 Pulungoana 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0155492
- Aumann, T., Bartmann, W., Boine-Frankenheim, O. et al. PUMA, pheliso ea lintho tse sa tsitsang tsa antiProton. EUR. Phys. J. A 58, 88 (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00713-x
***
Lihlooho tse amanang
- Ke Hobane'ng ha 'Matter' e Laola Bokahohle eseng 'Antimatter'? Ho Batla Hore na Ke Hobane'ng ha Bokahohle bo le Teng (18 Mmesa 2020)
- Ho senola Lekunutu la Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry ea Bokahohle ka liteko tsa Neutrino Oscillation (1 May 2020)
- Ho thulana ha likaroloana bakeng sa ho ithuta "Bokahohle ba pele haholo": Muon collider e bontšitsoe (31 Mphalane 2024)
***
 is the only facility where antiprotons are produced and stored. It is not possible to conduct high precision studies of antiprotons near AD due to magnetic field fluctuations generated by accelerators. Hence, transporting antiprotons from this facility to other laboratories is an imperative. At present, there is no suitable technology to do so. BASE-STEP is a step forward in this direction. It is a relatively compact device designed to store and transport antiprotons from CERN facility to laboratories at other locations for high precision studies of antimatter. On 24 October 2024, BASE-STEP conducted a successful technology demonstration using trapped protons as a stand-in for antiprotons. It transported a cloud of 70 protons locally in a truck. This was first instance of transportation of loose particles in a reusable trap and an important steppingstone towards creation of an antiproton-delivery service to experiments at other laboratories. With some refinements in procedures, antiprotons are planned to be transported in 2025.){kind=link}