Phello ea Lerōle la Atmospheric ho Ice Cloud Formation e Tiisitsoe

Hoa tsebahala hore karolo ea maru a holim'a leqhoa e itšetlehile ka likaroloana tsa lerōle lerung tse sebetsang e le li-nuclei bakeng sa ho thehoa ha kristale ea leqhoa. Leha ho le joalo, ha ea ka ea bontšoa ka ho hlaka ho sebelisoa sete e kholo ea data. Phuputsong e phatlalalitsoeng ka la 31 Phupu 2025, bafuputsi ba netefalitse kamano ena ubina lilemo tse 35 tsa data ea sathelaete. Ba bontšitse hore karo-kalo ea maru a holim'a leqhoa (e leng,., cloud-top ice-to-total frequency kapa ITF) in Karolong e ka Leboea ea Lefatše pakeng tsa −15° le −30°C e tsamaellana haholo le bongata ba makumane a lerole marung. Sena se bohlokoa bakeng sa mohlala oa boemo ba leholimo hobane matla a marang-rang le ho na ha maru ho tla susumetsoa ke hore na a holim'a leqhoa kapa leru la metsi. 

Lentsoe "lerōle" le etsa hore motho a ikutloe a sa phutholoha 'me a sa phutholoha, e leng ho loketseng hobane lerōle le tsoang mehloling ea tlhaho le mesebetsi ea batho (e kang ea kaho, mekhoa ea indasteri le tsamaiso ea likoloi) e kenya letsoho linthong tse itseng tse moeeng tse lebisang tšilafalong ea moea e nang le phello e mpe ea bophelo bo botle tsamaisong ea ho hema le ea pelo. Libakeng tse omeletseng le tse omeletseng, lifefo tsa lehlabathe le lerole li pompa ka bongata bo boholo ba likaroloana tsa lerōle la liminerale moeeng. Tšilafalo ea moea e hlahisoang ke eona e ama bophelo ba sechaba, tikoloho le tekanyetso ea mahlaseli.  

Lerōle la liminerale le tsamaisoang ke moea le lona le phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tsamaisong ea boemo ba leholimo. E monya le ho hasanya mahlaseli a letsatsi le mocheso kahoo e ama ka ho toba tekanyo ea matla a tsamaiso ea lefatše. Phetoho efe kapa efe ea lerōle la liminerale sepakapakeng e fetola tekanyo ea mahlaseli a sebaka (ke hore, phetoho ea letlooa la phallo ea mahlaseli ka lebaka la lerōle kapa matla a mahlaseli a lerōle). Lintho tse tsoang moeeng li fihla ho 0.2 μm ka boholo le tsona li sebetsa e le peo bakeng sa ho thehoa ha marotholi a maru ha mouoane oa metsi o theohela holim'a tsona. E bitsoa cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), likaroloana tsena li sebetsa e le motheo oa marotholi a maru 'me li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho qala ho thehoa ha marotholi a maru le nts'etsopele ea maru le pula. E ama ka tsela e sa tobang boemo ba leholimo ba Lefatše, ho kenyelletsa le ho qobella mahlaseli. Liphetoho tsa likhakanyo tsa lintho tse tsamaeang le moea tse sebetsang e le CCN li na le litlamorao tse kholo ho thepa ea maru, matla a mahlaseli le boemo ba leholimo. 

Mefuta ea maru le Ice-to-total frequency (ITF) 

Maru a ka ba a mefuta e meraro ho latela hore na a entsoe ka likristale tsa leqhoa kapa marotholi a metsi a metsi. Maru a leqhoa a entsoe ka likristale tsa leqhoa tse entsoeng ka nucleation ho potoloha likaroloana tsa ice nucleating (INPs) joalo ka lerōle la diminerale. Hangata li hlaha libakeng tse phahameng moo mocheso o batang o renang. Maru a metsi, ka lehlakoreng le leng, a entsoe ka marotholi a metsi a metsi 'me a etsoa ha mouoane oa metsi sepakapakeng o pholile ebe o kopana ho ba marotholi a metsi a pota-potileng maru a condensation nuclei (CCN) joalo ka lerōle kapa likaroloana tsa letsoai. Maru a mekhahlelo e tsoakiloeng a na le likristale tsa leqhoa le marotholi a metsi a pholileng haholo. Ts'ebetso ena ha marotholi a metsi a pholileng haholo a hoama holim'a likristale tsa leqhoa kapa likaroloana tse ling tsa leqhoa, e leng se bakang keketseho e kholo ea boima ba 'ona,' me boima ba 'ona bo bitsoa riming. Riming e bonoa haholo-holo marung a mekhahlelo e tsoakiloeng mocheso o pakeng tsa -5°C le -25°C libakeng tseo marotholi a metsi a pholileng haholo a hoamang ha a thulana le likristale tsa leqhoa. Ice-to-total frequency (ITF) ke karolo ea maru a leqhoa ha ho bapisoa le kakaretso ea maru a bonoang boholimong ba maru.  

Mekhoa e amehang liphellong tsa lerōle la liminerale tsamaisong ea boemo ba leholimo e utloisisoa hantle, leha ho le joalo bonyane ho ne ho e-na le lintlha tse peli tseo bafuputsi ba lokelang ho li rarolla.  

Taba ea pele, ho bile le khoao khakanyo ea litlamorao tsa boemo ba leholimo tse tobileng le tse sa tobang tsa lerōle la liminerale lefatšeng ka bophara. Morero oa EMIT (Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation) oa NASA o kentsoeng ka har'a ISS o sebetsana le sena ka ho etsa 'mapa oa lerōle la liminerale la libaka tse omeletseng tsa Lefatše le ho fana ka datha ea lefats'e bakeng sa mohlala oa boemo ba leholimo. E fihletse ketsahalo ea bohlokoa ka la 27 Phupu 2022 ha e fana ka pono ea eona ea pele ea Lefatše. Selemong se fetileng ka 2024, e ile ea fetela mohatong o atolositsoeng oa thomo bonyane ho fihlela 2026.  

Taba ea bobeli, le hoja ho tsejoe nako e telele hore karolo ea maru a holim'a leqhoa e itšetlehile ka likaroloana tsa lerōle lerung tse sebetsang e le li-nuclei bakeng sa ho thehoa ha kristale ea leqhoa. Leha ho le joalo, ha ea ka ea bontšoa ka ho hlaka ho sebelisoa sete e kholo ea data. Phuputsong e phatlalalitsoeng ka la 31 Phupu 2025, bafuputsi ba netefalitse kamano ena ba sebelisa lilemo tse 35 tsa data ea satellite. Ba bontšitse hore karolo ea maru a holim’a leqhoa (e leng, maru-holim’a leqhoa-to-total frequency kapa ITF) Karolong e ka Leboea ea Lefatše pakeng tsa −15° le −30°C e amana ka matla le bongata ba likaroloana tsa lerōle marung. Sena se bohlokoa bakeng sa mohlala oa boemo ba leholimo hobane maru a qobellang le ho na ha pula a tla susumetsoa ke hore na a ka holim'a leqhoa kapa leru la metsi.  

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(Teboho: Ngaka Sachchidanand Singh, Rasaense e Moholo, CSIR-NPL, India bakeng sa likenyelletso tsa hae tsa bohlokoa mabapi le taba le ho hlophisa)   

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References:  

1. Villanueva D., et al 2025. Lerotholi le khannoang ke lerōle le leqhoa le hlalosa karolo e ka holimo ea maru karolong e ka leboea ea tropike. SAENSE. 31 July 2025. Vol 389, Khatiso ea 6759 maq. 521-525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adt5354 

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Sehlooho se amanang 

• Liphello tsa Tlelaemete tsa Lerōle la Liminerale tsa Atmospheric: Morero oa EMIT o Finyella Boemo ba Bohlokoa (1 Phato 2022).  

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