Asteroid Bennu ke asteroid ea khale ea carbonaceous e nang le majoe le lerole ho tloha tsoalong ea tsamaiso ea letsatsi. Ho ne ho nahanoa hore thuto ea sampole e tsoang ho asteroid Bennu e bokeletsoeng ka ho toba sepakapakeng e ne e tla fana ka leseli la hore na lipolanete li entsoe joang le hore na bophelo bo qalile joang Lefatšeng. OSIRIS-REx, thomo ea pele ea NASA ea ho khutlisa sampole ea asteroid e qalile ka 2016 ho ea haufi le Earth asteroid Bennu. E ile ea fana ka mohlala oa capsule Lefatšeng ka 24 September 2023. Boithuto bo tebileng ba sampole e khutlisitsoeng e se e phethiloe, 'me liphetho li phatlalalitsoe ka la 29 Pherekhong 2025. Mohlala o khutlisitsoeng o na le bongata bo bongata ba ammonia le naetrojene e qhibilihang. lintho tse phelang tseo e leng tsa bohlokoa bophelong ba Lefatše. Metsoako ea mantlha e fumanoeng lisampong ke li-amino acid (ho kenyeletsoa 14 ho tse 20 tse fumanehang lits'ebetsong tse phelang Lefatšeng), liminerale, formaldehyde, carboxylic acid, polycyclic e nkhang hamonate ea hydrocarbon le N-heterocycles (ho kenyeletsoa le li-nucleobase tse hlano tse fumanehang ho DNA le RNA. lefatsheng). Ho feta moo, sampole e ne e boetse e e-na le liminerale tsa letsoai tse entsoeng ka lebaka la mouoane oa brine o neng o le teng pele ho 'mele oa motsoali oa asteroid Bennu, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore metsi a letsoai historing ea pele a ka be a sebelitse e le mokhoa oa ho sebelisana ha lik'hemik'hale pakeng tsa limolek'hule tse fumanoeng sampuling. Ho sibolloa ha litene tsa ho haha bophelo le liminerale tsa letsoai ka mohlala o hloekileng o bokelloang sebakeng ka ho toba ho tloha asteroid Bennu le ho ithutoa tlas'a mehato ea taolo ea tšilafalo e fana ka bopaki ba hore li-precursors tsa ho hlaha ha bophelo li ne li atile tsamaisong ea pele ea letsatsi. Ka hona, ho na le monyetla oa hore bophelo bo hlahe lipolaneteng tse ling kapa lisathelaete tsa tsona tsa tlhaho. Maemo a asteroid Bennu hape ke moemeli oa nalane ea pele ea Lefatše. E fana ka maikutlo mabapi le metsoako e teng tsamaisong ea letsatsi pele ho hlaha bophelo Lefatšeng.
Asteroid Bennu ke asteroid e haufi le Earth orbit asteroid eo ho nahanoang hore e thehile lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 4.5 tse fetileng karolong ea pele ea nalane ea potoloho ea lipolanete. Ke mofuta oa B, asteroid ea carbonaceous e nang le majoe le lerōle ho tloha tsoalong ea tsamaiso ea letsatsi. Ho ne ho nahanoa hore Bennu le eona e ka ’na ea e-ba le lintho tse nang le limolek’hule tse neng li le teng ha bophelo bo ne bo thehoa Lefatšeng. Ho nahanoa hore li-asteroid tse ruileng ka lintho tse phelang li bile le seabo ho tsoseng bophelo lefatšeng. Boithuto ba sampole e tlisitsoeng ho asteroid Bennu e ne e lebelletsoe ho fana ka leseli mabapi le hore na lipolanete li entsoe joang le hore na bophelo bo qalile joang. Morero oa NASA OSIRIS-REx o lebisitse ho sena.
Mosebetsi oa ho khutlisa sampole ea asteroid OSIRIS-REx (Tšimoloho, Tlhaloso ea Spectral, Boitsebiso ba Mohloli le Tšireletso - Regolith Explorer) e ile ea thakholoa ho haufi-Earth asteroid Bennu ka la 8 Loetse 2016. E ile ea bokella mohlala oa majoe le lerōle ho tloha holim'a asteroid. ka la 20 Mphalane 2020 mme e qalile leeto la eona la ho khutlela Lefatšeng ka la 10 Mots'eanong 2021. Ho tsamaea lilemo tse peli le halofo leetong la eona la ho khutla, ka la 24 Loetse 2023, e ile ea lokolla capsule e nang le majoe le sampole ea lerole e bokeletsoeng ho tloha asteroid Bennu sepakapakeng sa Lefatše 'me ea tsoela pele leetong la eona ho ea ho e' ngoe e haufi le Earth asteroid Apophis joalo ka thomo ea OSIRIS-APEX.
Capsule e nang le sampole ea majoe le lerōle e boima ba ligrama tse 250 tse bokeletsoeng ho tloha asteroid Bennu e ile ea lula e sireletsehile Lefatšeng sebakeng sa Utah haufi le Salt Lake City USA letsatsing lona leo ka Sontaha sa la 24 Loetse 2023. Joale sampole e khutlisitsoeng e se e ithutoa ka botebo. , mme liphetho li phatlalalitsoe ka la 29 Pherekhong 2025.
Tlhahlobo ea sampole e khutlisitsoeng ke sehlopha se seng sa bafuputsi e bonts'itse boteng ba lintho tse ngata tse qhibilihang tsa ammonia le naetrojene tse bohlokoa bophelong ba Lefatše. Metsoako ea tlhaho e fumanoeng sampoleng ke li-amino acid (ho kenyeletsoa tse 14 ho tse 20 tse fumanehang lits'ebetsong tse phelang Lefatšeng), liminerale, formaldehyde, carboxylic acid, polycyclic e nkhang hamonate ea hydrocarbon le N-heterocycles (ho kenyeletsoa le li-nucleobase tse hlano tse fumanehang ho DNA le RNA Lefats'e le sebedisoang ho boloka le ho fetisa lesedi la lefutso ho bana). Bongata bo phahameng ba ammonia sampole bo bohlokoa hobane ammonia e khona ho sebetsana le formaldehyde ho etsa li-amino acid maemong a nepahetseng. Hoa thahasellisa hore li-amino acid tse nang le chirality sampoleng ea Bennu ke motsoako oa morabe kapa o lekanang oa liphetolelo tse ka letsohong le letšehali le le letona. Lefatšeng, litsamaiso tse phelang li na le mofuta oa letsoho le letšehali feela. Mohlomong, li-amino acid tsa lefats'e la pele e ne e le motsoako oa morabe 'me bophelo bo botle ba letsoho le letšehali bo ile ba iphetola hamorao ka lebaka le sa tsejoeng.
Ho feta moo, sehlopha se seng sa lipatlisiso se fumane liminerale tsa letsoai ka sampuling e neng e kenyelletsa phosphates e nang le sodium le carbonate e nang le sodium e ngata, sulphates, chlorides le fluoride. Matsoai ana a thehiloe ka lebaka la ho fetoha mouoane oa brine e neng e le teng pele ho 'mele oa motsoali oa asteroid Bennu. Metsi a letsoai historing ea pele a ka be a sebelitse e le mokhoa o loketseng oa ho sebelisana ha lik'hemik'hale pakeng tsa limolek'hule tse fumanoeng sampuling.
Lintho tse phelang le letsoai la liminerale li kile tsa bonoa meteorites, empa ho pepesehela sepakapaka sa Lefatše ho thatafatsa tlhaloso kaha li senyeha habonolo kapa ho fetoloa ha li kena tikolohong ea Lefatše.
Ho fumanwa ha diboloko tsa moaho bakeng sa bophelo le mouoane (liminerale tsa letsoai tse entsoeng ka mor'a ho fetoha mouoane oa brine) ka mohlala o hloekileng o bokelloang sebakeng ka ho toba ho tloha asteroid Bennu le ho ithutoa tlas'a mehato ea taolo ea tšilafalo ke buka e ncha. Sena se fana ka bopaki ba khopolo ea hore lilelekela tsa ho hlaha ha bophelo li ne li atile tsamaisong ea pele ea lipolanete. Ka hona, ho na le monyetla oa hore bophelo bo hlahe lipolaneteng tse ling kapa lisathelaete tsa tsona tsa tlhaho. Maemo a asteroid Bennu hape ke moemeli oa nalane ea pele ea Lefatše. E fana ka maikutlo mabapi le metsoako e teng setsing sa letsatsi pele ho hlaha bophelo Lefatšeng.
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References:
- Glavin, DP, le ba bang. 2025. Ammonia e ngata le naetrojene e ngata e qhibilihang ka har'a lisampole tsa asteroid (101955) Bennu. Nat Astron. E phatlalalitsoe: 29 January 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02472-9
- McCoy, TJ, le ba bang. 2025. Tatelano ea evaporite ho tsoa ho brine ea khale e tlalehiloeng lisampoleng tsa Bennu. Tlhaho 637, 1072-1077. E phatlalalitsoe: 29 January 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08495-6
- NASA. Litaba - Mohlala oa NASA oa Asteroid Bennu o Senola Motsoako oa Metsoako ea Bophelo. E ngotsoe 29 January 2025. E fumaneha ho https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasas-asteroid-bennu-sample-reveals-mix-of-lifes-ingredients/
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Sehlooho se amanang:
- NASA's OSIRIS-REx Mission e tlisa sampole ho tloha asteroid Bennu ho ea Lefatšeng (26 September 2023).
- Tšireletso ea Lipolanete: Tšusumetso ea DART e Fetotse Orbit le Sebopeho sa asteroid (20 Hlakubele 2024)
- haufi-Earth asteroid 2024 BJ ho etsa katamelo e haufi-ufi le Lefatše (26 Pherekhong 2024)
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, amines, formaldehyde, carboxylic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and N-heterocycles (including all five nucleobases found in DNA and RNA on Earth). Further, the sample also had salt minerals formed due to evaporation of brine that existed early in the parent body of the asteroid Bennu, suggesting salt water in the early history could have served as a medium for chemical interaction between the molecules detected in the sample. Detection of building blocks for life and salt minerals in the pristine sample collected in space directly from the asteroid Bennu and studied under contamination-control measures gives credence to the idea that the precursors for the emergence of life were widespread in the early solar system. Therefore, there is some possibility of life emerging on other planets or their natural satellites. Conditions at the asteroid Bennu is also a representative of Earth’s early history. It gives an idea about the ingredients present in the solar system before emergence of life on Earth.){kind=link}