Mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea matla a fusion ea UK o ile oa hlaha ka phatlalatso ea lenaneo la STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production) ka 2019. Karolo ea eona ea pele (2019-2024) e felile ka ho lokolloa ha moralo oa mohopolo bakeng sa mochini o kopanyang oa fusion prototype powerplant. E tla ipapisa le ts'ebeliso ea matla a khoheli bakeng sa ho koala plasma e sebelisang mochini oa tokamak leha ho le joalo STEP ea UK e tla sebelisa tokamak e chitja ho fapana le hore tokamak ea sebopeho sa donut e sebelisoe ITER. Tokamak e chitja ho nahanoa hore e na le melemo e mengata. Setsi sena se tla hahuoa Nottinghamshire 'me ho lebelletsoe hore se tla sebetsa mathoasong a bo-2040.
Tlhokahalo ea mohloli o tšepahalang oa matla a hloekileng ho khotsofatsa tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea matla ea baahi ba ntseng ba eketseha le moruo oa lefats'e o ka thusang kapele ho tobana le liphephetso (tse hlahisoang ke mafura a felileng, tlhahiso ea khabone le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, likotsi tsa tikoloho tse amanang le li-fission reactor tsa nyutlelie, le bofokoli. scalability of renewable sources) ha e so ka e utloahala ka matla hakana ho feta nakong ea joale.
Ka tlhaho, motsoako oa nyutlelie o na le matla a linaleli ho kenyeletsa le letsatsi la rona le etsahalang bohareng ba linaleli moo maemo a kopaneng (e leng, mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetesisa oa likhato tse limilione tse makholo tsa centigrade le khatello) li renang. Bokhoni ba ho theha maemo a kopaneng a taolo lefatšeng ke senotlolo sa matla a hloekileng a se nang moeli. Sena se kenyelletsa ho aha tikoloho e kopaneng e nang le mocheso o phahameng haholo ho baka likhohlano tse matla haholo, tse nang le plasma e teteaneng e lekaneng ho eketsa menyetla ea ho thulana le e ka koalang plasma nako e lekaneng ho etsa hore ho kopane. Ho hlakile hore meaho le theknoloji ea ho koala le ho laola plasma e futhumetseng haholo ke tlhokahalo ea mantlha bakeng sa tšebeliso ea khoebo ea matla a fusion. Mekhoa e fapaneng e ntse e hlahlojoa le ho sebelisoa lefats'eng ka bophara bakeng sa ho koalloa plasma molemong oa khoebo ea matla a fusion.
Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)
Ka mokhoa oa inertial fusion, maemo a fusion a hlahisoa ka ho hatella le ho futhumatsa palo e nyane ea mafura a fusion. National Ignition Facility (NIF) e Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) e sebelisa mokhoa oa laser-driven implosion ho kenya li-capsules tse tlatsitsoeng ka mafura a deuterium-tritium ka ho sebelisa maballo a laser a matla. NIF e fihletse ho khantšoa ha fusion la pele ka Tšitoe 2022. Ka mor'a moo, ho khantšoa ha fusion ho ile ha bontšoa ka makhetlo a mararo ka 2023 e tiisitseng bopaki ba khopolo ea hore motsoako o laoloang oa nyutlelie o ka sebelisoa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa matla.
Ho koalloa ha Magnetic ka mokhoa oa plasma
Tšebeliso ea limakete ho koala le ho laola plasma bakeng sa fusion e ntse e lekoa libakeng tse ngata. IITER, tšebelisano-'moho e matla ka ho fetesisa ea matla a fusion ea linaha tse 35 tse thehiloeng St. ho hotetsa ha fusion ho etsahala. Mohopolo o ka sehloohong oa ho koalloa ha plasma bakeng sa limela tsa matla a fusion, tokamaks e ka boloka karabelo ea fusion e tsoela pele ha feela ho na le botsitso ba plasma. Tokamak ea ITER e tla ba kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.
UK's STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production) Lenaneo la Fusion:
Joalo ka ITER, STEP fusion program ea United Kingdom e ipapisitse le ho koalloa ha plasma ho sebelisoa tokamak. Leha ho le joalo, tokamak ea lenaneo la STEP e tla ba le sebopeho sa spherical (ho fapana le sebopeho sa donut sa ITER). Tokamak e chitja e kopane, e na le theko e tlase ebile e ka ba bonolo ho lekanya.
Lenaneo la STEP le phatlalalitsoe ka selemo sa 2019. Mokhahlelo oa lona oa pele (2019-2024) o felile ka ho lokolloa ha moralo oa mohopolo bakeng sa polante e kopaneng ea fusion prototype powerplant.
Khatiso ea sehlooho ea Philosophical Transactions A ea Royal Society, e nang le sehlooho se reng “Ho fana ka Matla a Fusion - The Spherical Tokamak bakeng sa Tlhahiso ea Matla (STEP)” e nang le lipampiri tse 15 tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka li phatlalalitsoe ka la 26 Phato 2024 tse qaqisang tsoelopele ea tekheniki ea lenaneo la ho rala le ho aha polante ea pele ea mohlala ea UK ho hlahisa motlakase ka ho kopanngoa. Lipampiri li nka setšoantšo se felletseng sa moralo le moralo oa theknoloji o hlokahalang le ho kopanngoa ha bona setsing sa mohlala mathoasong a bo-2040.
Lenaneo la STEP le ikemiseditse ho betla tsela bakeng sa katleho ya kgwebo ya motswako ka ho bontsha eneji e ngata, ho itshetsa ka mafura le tsela e sebetsang ya ho hlokomela dimela. Ho hloka mokhoa o akaretsang oa ho fana ka polante ea prototype e sebetsang ka botlalo eo hape e nkang ho felloa ke mosebetsi e le karolo ea moralo.
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References:
- 'Muso oa UK. Phatlalatso ea boralitaba - UK e etelletse pele lefats'e ka moralo oa semela sa fusion. E phatlalalitsoe ka la 03 Loetse 2024. E fumaneha ho https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-leading-the-world-in-fusion-powerplant-design
- 'Ho Fana ka Matla a Fusion - The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP). Sehlooho sa Royal Society edition of Philosophical Transactions A,. Lingoliloeng tsohle tse 15 tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka tsa sehlooho se hatisitsoeng ka la 26 Phato 2024. E fumaneha ho https://royalsocietypublishing.org/toc/rsta/2024/382/2280
- Bafuputsi ba UK ba senola leseli la meralo ea semela se secha sa fusion. Saense. La 4 Loetse 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.zvexp8a
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- Brown Dwarfs (BDs): James Webb Telescope e Khetholla Ntho e Nyenyane ka ho Fetisisa e entsoeng ka mokhoa o kang oa Naleli (5 Pherekhong 2024)
- ‘Fusion Ignition’ e ile ea bontša lekhetlo la bone Lawrence Laboratory (20 Hlakubele 2023)
- Fusion Ignition fetoha 'Nete; Phahamiso ea Matla e Finyellelitsoe Laboratoring ea Lawrence (15 Hlakubele 2022)
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